Music in Spanish schools, high schools and conservatories: educational response strategies against the COVID-19 pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has meant that practically all Spanish educational centers have had to adapt the teaching they provide. The case of the musical field in general and that of instrumental practice in particular has had to organize an effective educational response with which to ensure the well-being and learning of students. That is why we have carried out a systematic review based on research questions and a main objective related to the strategies that conservatories and general education centers have adopted in the musical field. Initially we selected a series of databases of recognized international and Hispanic prestige in which to carry out searches with the defined key terms. The different phases of study of the documents were limited by the inclusion criteria and the search formulas, giving rise to the final selection once those documents that appeared duplicates in the databases had been eliminated. The results show how the main strategies in the primary stages are related to collaborative and cooperative work, even in the phase of suppression of educational attendance. In addition, in music conservatories, group instrumental practice has had certain peculiarities during the different phases of the pandemic, with the main strategy carried out by teachers being teacher coordination.

Music in Spanish schools, high schools and conservatories: educational response strategies against the COVID-19 pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has meant that practically all Spanish educational centers have had to adapt the teaching they provide. The case of the musical field in general and that of instrumental practice in particular has had to organize an effective educational response with which to ensure the well-being and learning of students. That is why we have carried out a systematic review based on research questions and a main objective related to the strategies that conservatories and general education centers have adopted in the musical field. Initially we selected a series of databases of recognized international and Hispanic prestige in which to carry out searches with the defined key terms. The different phases of study of the documents were limited by the inclusion criteria and the search formulas, giving rise to the final selection once those documents that appeared duplicates in the databases had been eliminated. The results show how the main strategies in the primary stages are related to collaborative and cooperative work, even in the phase of suppression of educational attendance. In addition, in music conservatories, group instrumental practice has had certain peculiarities during the different phases of the pandemic, with the main strategy carried out by teachers being teacher coordination. © 2023, Universidad Pablo de Olavide. All rights reserved.

Sales and delivery strategies adopted by the retail trade in Ja?/SP during the COVID-19 pandemic

The health and economic crisis caused by the Covid-19 pandemic has imposed changes in the consumer market and in the performance of companies, because as people's habits have become remote, sales through digital means and delivery methods have become challenges for the business. Inserted in this context, this research aimed to identify which sales and delivery strategies were adopted by retail companies in the city of Jau/SP during the Covid-19 pandemic. The case study strategy was adopted. The methodology was qualitative research, with the elaboration of a questionnaire applied to fifteen local actors. The results indicated that the Jauense business profile was affected, with the closure of businesses, with the retail and accommodation sectors being the most impacted. It also showed a sales digitization process, with migration to social networks and apps, especially Instagram and WhatsApp. It should be noted that the narratives indicated that, despite the intensive use of social networks, local entrepreneurs did not invest in their own e-commerce, with the creation of websites and structure for sales and deliveries over the internet. What was observed was the use of Marktplaces, in particular, accessories and clothing. It was also possible to identify that commercial establishments expanded the use of motorcycle delivery applications, in addition to motoboys, especially in the food service segment.

Home Care 2041: Signals from the Future

Technological evolution has made available tools capable of connecting the patient to treating doctors and health facilities for ordinary activities and carrying out medical investigations directly at the patient's home, thanks to increasingly sophisticated devices. The restrictions on the movement of people due to the COVID-19 pandemic have encouraged the use of tools already available to doctors and patients but have also accelerated the development of ongoing projects. The Italian Society of Ergonomics and Human Factors SIE has created a multidisciplinary working group that has tried to imagine the shape of home care in the next twenty years. The study is based on integrating the "Human-Centered Design” and "Strategic Foresight” processes. According to their skills, the eight researchers have tried to identify the trends that will most influence the future, designing the possible scenarios in which home care will take place. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Social representations of COVID-19 vaccines: Exploration of user-generated comments via online video sharing during the first year of the pandemic

The current study aimed to explore the public understanding of COVID-19 vaccines and the social representations emerging from a corpus of user-generated comments on YouTube videos posted during the year following the World Health Organization's declaration of the novel coronavirus as pandemic. We used Structural Topic Modelling to process the text and identified a 10-topic solution as the best to represent the corpus of text data. The exploration of the topics showed a complex landscape of social representations underlying a plurality of perspectives, which we interpreted as reflecting different users' needs to make sense of the unprecedented events. Implications for theory, future research, and intervention for health psychology and policy are discussed. © The Author(s) 2023.

The assessment of lifestyle changes during the COVID-19 pandemic using a multidimensional scale

Introduction: Healthy lifestyles are relevant to several diseases and to maintain individuals' mental health. Exposure to epidemics and confinement have been consistently associated with psychological consequences, but changes on lifestyle behaviours remain under-researched. Materials and Methods: An online survey was conducted among the general population living in Spain during the COVID-19 home-isolation. In addition to demographic and clinical data, participants self-reported changes in seven lifestyle domains. The Short Multidimensional Inventory Lifestyle Evaluation was developed specifically to evaluate changes during the confinement (SMILE-C). Results: A total of 1254 individuals completed the survey over the first week of data collection. The internal consistency of the SMILE-C to assess lifestyles during confinement was shown (Cronbach's Alpha = 0.747). Most participants reported substantial changes on outdoor time (93.6%) and physical activity (70.2%). Moreover, about one third of subjects reported significant changes on stress management, social support, and restorative sleep. Several demographic and clinical factors were associated to lifestyle scores. In the multivariate model, those independently associated with a healthier lifestyle included substantial changes on stress management (p < 0.001), social support (p = 0.001) and outdoor time (p < 0.001), amongst others. In contrast, being an essential worker (p = 0.001), worse self-rated health (p < 0.001), a positive screening for depression/anxiety (p < 0.001), and substantial changes on diet/nutrition (p < 0.001) and sleep (p < 0.001) were all associated with poorer lifestyles. Conclusions: In this study, sizable proportions of participants reported meaningful changes in lifestyle behaviours during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain. Moreover, the SMILE-C was sensitive to detect these changes and presented good initial psychometric properties. Further follow-up studies should collect relevant data to promote healthy lifestyles in pandemic times.

Pathogenesis and Management of COVID-19.

COVID-19, occurring due to SARS-COV-2 infection, is the most recent pandemic disease that has led to three million deaths at the time of writing. A great deal of effort has been directed towards altering the virus trajectory and/or managing the interactions of the virus with its subsequent targets in the human body; these interactions can lead to a chain reaction-like state manifested by a cytokine storm and progress to multiple organ failure. During cytokine storms the ratio of pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory mediators is generally increased, which contributes to the instigation of hyper-inflammation and confers advantages to the virus. Because cytokine expression patterns fluctuate from one person to another and even within the same person from one time to another, we suggest a road map of COVID-19 management using an individual approach instead of focusing on the blockbuster process (one treatment for most people, if not all). Here, we highlight the biology of the virus, study the interaction between the virus and humans, and present potential pharmacological and non-pharmacological modulators that might contribute to the global war against SARS-COV-2. We suggest an algorithmic roadmap to manage COVID-19.

Venomous gland transcriptome and venom proteomic analysis of the scorpion Androctonus amoreuxi reveal new peptides with anti-SARS- CoV-2 activity (preprint)

The recent COVID-19 pandemic shows the critical need for novel broad spectrum antiviral agents. Scorpion venoms are known to contain highly constrained peptides, several of which have demonstrated strong antiviral activity against a range of viruses. We have generated the first annotated reference transcriptome for the Androctonus amoreuxi venom gland and used transcriptome mining, circular dichroism and mass spectrometric analysis to characterize fifteen new venom peptides. Some of these peptides were tested for their ability to bind to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and to inhibit the spike RBD - hACE2 interaction that precedes virus entry into the cell using a surface plasmon resonance-based assay. Seven peptides showed dose-dependent inhibitory effects. The most active peptide was synthesized using solid phase peptide synthesis and tested for its antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 (Lineage B.1.1.7). On exposure of replication-competent SARS-CoV-2 to the synthetic peptide, we observed a two log10 PFU/mL reduction at sub-micromolar concentrations of the peptide compared to virus exposed to medium alone. Our results show that scorpion venom peptides could inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD - hACE2 interaction, exhibit anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity through other unexplored modes of actions and represent excellent scaffolds for design of novel anti-SARS-CoV-2 constrained peptides.

Overview of QuALES at IberLEF 2022: Question Answering Learning from Examples in Spanish

We present the results of the QuALES task, which addresses the problem of Extractive Question Answering from texts. For both training and evaluation we use the QuALES corpus, a corpus of Uruguayan media news about the Covid-19 pandemic and related topics. We describe the systems developed by seven participants, all of them based on different BERT-like language models. The best results were obtained using the multilingual RoBERTa model pre-trained with SQUAD-Es-V2, with a fine tuning on the QuALES corpus.

O Uso De Plasma Convalescente Como Terapia Adjuvante Em Pacientes Hospitalizados Por Covid-19: Placovid Trial

Objetivos: Este estudo investigou o efeito da terapia com Plasma Convalescente (PC) na melhora clinica de pacientes hospitalizados com diagnostico de COVID-19 grave admitidos no Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre. Material e Metodos: Ensaio clinico randomizado aberto avaliando o efeito de duas doses de 300 mL de terapia de PC administrada com intervalo de 48 horas nos primeiros 14 dias do inicio dos sintomas em pacientes graves e criticamente doentes com COVID-19 em comparacao com Tratamento Padrao (TP). O desfecho primario foi a proporcao de pacientes com melhora clinica de 28 dias apos entrada no estudo. Os Anticorpos Neutralizantes (AN) foram determinados em todas unidades de plasma do doador e no soro do paciente, coletados nos dias 0 e 3 (apos a segunda infusao de plasma). Alem disso, parametros laboratoriais foram avaliados nos dias 0 (pre-infusao), 3 (pos-segunda infusao), 7 e 14 apos a inscricao em pacientes hospitalizados. Resultados: Foram avaliados 443 pacientes quanto a elegibilidade ao estudo e destes 160 foram arrolados, 80 no grupo PC+TP e 80 no grupo TP. Os resultados abaixo correspondem a mediana (Intervalo Interquartil [IQR]). A idade foi de 60,5 (48,0-68,0) anos, 93 (58,1%) eram do sexo masculino e o tempo desde o inicio dos sintomas ate a randomizacao foi de 10 (8-12) dias. Ao todo, 133 (83,1%) pacientes apresentaram titulos de AN acima de 1:80 na randomizacao (mediana 1:1280, IQR 1:320-1:2560). Destaca-se que todos, exceto dois pacientes, estavam recebendo glicocorticoides no momento da entrada no estudo. A mediana dos titulos de AN do doador de plasma administrado a pacientes do grupo de intervencao foi de 1:320 (1:160-1:960), o que foi significativamente menor do que os titulos de AN basais dos pacientes antes da infusao (p<0,001). No dia 3, houve um aumento significativo nos titulos de AN na intervencao do que no grupo controle (p=0,001) em relacao aos titulos na randomizacao (dia 0). Ainda, a proporcao de pacientes com melhora clinica no dia 28 foi de 61,3% no grupo PC+TP e 65,0% no grupo TP. Os resultados foram semelhantes nos subgrupos criticamente doentes e graves. Alem disso, nao houve diferenca significativa entre os grupos PC+TP e TP em desfechos secundarios pre-estabelecidos, incluindo mortalidade em 28 dias. Discussao: Os achados clinicos e laboratoriais sao coerentes com ensaios clinicos anteriores que nao encontraram beneficio significativo da terapia com PC em pacientes hospitalizados com COVID-19. Entre os grupos intervencao e controle, nao houve diferenca estatisticamente significativa nos resultados, incluindo mortalidade em 14 e 28 dias. Ressalta-se que um ponto forte do atual estudo e que praticamente todos pacientes foram tratados com corticosteroides, principalmente dexametasona, uma vez que SOC e outros medicamentos nao foram usados. Conclusao: Neste ensaio clinico as duas infusoes de terapia com plasma convalescente mais tratamento padrao em comparacao ao tratamento padrao nao resultaram em maior proporcao de melhora clinica no dia 28 em pacientes acometidos com COVID-19 grave. Copyright © 2022

Projeto "Compartilhe Vida", Redes Sociais E a Fidelizacao De Doadores De Sangue E Medula Ossea

Objetivos: O projeto de extensao universitaria "Compartilhe Vida" tem o objetivo de incentivar a doacao de sangue e o cadastro no Registro Nacional de Doadores de Medula Ossea (REDOME). Foi criado em parceria com o Comite Transfusional do Hospital das Clinicas da Universidade Federal de Uberlandia (HC-UFU) e o Hemocentro de Uberlandia e visa envolver a comunidade interna e externa no estimulo a doacao de sangue, auxiliando na manutencao do estoque de hemocomponentes. A dificuldade na convocacao e fidelizacao de doadores de sangue e um grande desafio para as diversas unidades da Fundacao Hemominas, tendo em vista a alta demanda e a frequente baixa nos estoques. O HC-UFU e um um hospital de alta complexidade com uma media de 1500 transfusoes/mes, com o compromisso de auxiliar na captacao de doadores. Metodos: O projeto foi executado por discentes de cursos de graduacao da UFU e membros do Comite Transfusional, visando alcancar a interdisciplinaridade da proposta. Inicialmente, os discentes foram treinados no Hemocentro de Uberlandia e Agencia Transfusional do HC-UFU para entendimento do ciclo do sangue e do processo de captacao. Foi criada em Junho de 2020, pagina de rede social para esclarecimento e incentivo a doacao de sangue e medula ossea com divulgacao de diversas postagens relacionadas ao tema, alem de campanhas em datas pontuais, como o dia mundial do doador de sangue e dia mundial do doador de medula. Tambem foram realizadas acoes em casos excepcionais de estoques criticos. Todas as postagens e a criacao de artes foram supervisionadas pelas equipes envolvidas do Comite Transfusional do HC-UFU e Hemocentro de Uberlandia para permitir a divulgacao de informacoes de acordo com as evidencias cientificas e a legislacao. Resultados: Foram feitas 419 postagens com informacoes interativas de incentivo para a doacao de sangue. As postagens auxiliaram tambem na divulgacao do processo de agendamento que se tornou online durante a pandemia e na criacao de campanhas de restabelecimento de estoques. O projeto realizou parcerias para divulgacao das postagens com outras entidades academicas da instituicao, como programas de educacao tutorial, ligas e diretorios academicos de cursos de graduacao, o que ampliou as informacoes da doacao de sangue. Discussao: Estudos populacionais recentes mostram a reducao do numero de doadores de primeira vez e as dificuldades enfrentadas em bancos de sangue durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Diante desse cenario, foi necessaria a criacao do projeto "Compartilhe Vida"para incentivar a doacao de sangue e o cadastro no REDOME. O projeto auxiliou na disseminacao de informacoes para a comunidade externa sobre o ciclo do sangue e sobre a importancia da manutencao de um estoque de hemocomponentes adequado e da fidelizacao de doadores. As postagens tiveram impacto positivo entre a comunidade universitaria com a parceria do projeto com entidades academicas. Com o desenvolvimento do projeto foi visto que as redes sociais apresentam grande alcance na divulgacao, podendo aumentar numero de doadores jovens e de primeira vez. Conclusao: O incentivo a doacao por meio de redes sociais e uma estrategia para para captacao de doadores e manutencao dos estoques de sangue, principalmente em um cenario de pandemia. O alcance das redes sociais pode ser utilizado para multiplicacao da necessidade de reposicao do estoque de hemocomponentes na comunidade externa e, dessa forma, prosseguir o cuidado adequado nas instituicoes de saude. Copyright © 2022

A PANDEMIA DE COVID-19 E O SEU IMPACTO NAS INAPTIDÕES À DOAÇÃO DE SANG1UE - EXPERIÊNCIA DO HCPA

Objetivo A pandemia de COVID-19 causou inúmeros impactos no cotidiano dos serviços de saúde, incluindo os serviços de hemoterapia. Foram necessárias diversas modificações de fluxos de trabalho e atendimentos visando a proteção dos profissionais e dos candidatos à doação. No banco de sangue do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA) foi identificada diminuição no número de doadores por diferentes motivos e diversas causas de inaptidão dos candidatos à doação. Identificar as principais causas de inaptidão na doação de sangue no período de pandemia por COVID-19, traçar o perfil epidemiológico e verificar as causas de inaptidão irá nos permitir avaliar os pontos nevrálgicos e qualificar o processo de captação de doadores de sangue. Material e Métodos Foram analisados e comparados os dados de atendimentos no Banco de Sangue do HCPA no período de 2018-2019 (anteriores à pandemia) e durante a pandemia nos anos de 2020 e 2021. Resultados Nos anos de 2020-2021 houve uma diminuição do número total de doações de sangue, comparado ao período anterior. As inaptidões consideradas por problemas de saúde nos últimos 14 dias diminuíram em quase 53%. Houve diminuição em 61% na inaptidão à doação de sangue por motivo de viagens não realizadas e de 22,5% por cirurgias realizadas. Também se observou redução das inaptidões pelo motivo de realização de piercing e/ou tatuagem e pelo número de múltiplos parceiros sexuais. Em contrapartida, aumentou o número de inaptos por tratamento de doenças (70%) e pelo uso de medicamentos (55%). Além disso, o número de inaptidão por acidente com material pérfuro cortante aumentou em 145%, Discussão : A pandemia por COVID-19 causou impacto na doação de sangue, diminuindo o número total de doações e alterando os motivos de inaptidão. Como visto que as inaptidões por motivos de saúde diminuíram provavelmente em razão do isolamento social vivido e pela diminuição de transmissão de doenças gerais na população naquele período. Inaptidões por motivos que envolvem aglomerações ou deslocamentos e realização de procedimentos, diminuíram, como pode ser observado nas inaptidões por viagens, cirurgias, piercings e/ou tatuagens e múltiplos parceiros sexuais. Essa diminuição referente aos procedimentos cirúrgicos ocorreu provavelmente pois durante o período de pandemia cirurgias de caráter eletivo foram suspensas. Já as inaptidões por problemas pessoais, como tratamento de doenças e uso de medicações, aumentaram, o que pode refletir o impacto negativo da pandemia na saúde física e mental da população. O aumento da inaptidão por acidente com material perfuro cortante pode ser explicado pelo aumento de doações realizadas por profissionais da área da saúde e sobrecarga de trabalho desses. Conclusão A análise dos dados de inaptidão dos doadores e do perfil deles após a pandemia se faz necessário tendo em vista o grande impacto que esta mudança de perfil pode causar no número de doações realizadas e, consequentemente, na quantidade de hemocomponentes disponíveis em estoque. A manutenção do estoque dos Serviços de Hemoterapia sempre foi um desafio, mas durante a pandemia, este desafio foi mais evidenciado devido a queda no número de doadores. Cabe aos profissionais envolvidos neste processo pensar em alternativas para que possamos suprir a demanda transfusional com foco na qualidade da doação e cuidado ao paciente.

A Peculiar Case of an Acute Increase in Sodium From 152 mmol/L to 192 mmol/L

We present a case in which a long-term hospital patient had a serum sodium level that increased from 152mmol/L to 192 mmol/L in a time frame less than 12 hours. Inspite of aggressive treatment, he succumbed to his illness. Guidlines for hypernatremia treatment need to be updated 75 yo male with PMH of malnutrition, CKD Stage 4, chronic hypoxia and hypertension was brought to the ED for hypertensive emergency. He had a complicated hospital course which included COVID contraction and diarrhea. Nephrology was consulted for chronic hypernatremia with a sodium of 152, BUN of 100 and creatinine of 4.50 along with acute encephalopathy. Hemodialysis was recommended. Repeat labs later that evening showed a sodium of 192. He was started on HD with the highest sodium bath available to the institution at 148 mmol/L. Pt’s sodium 18 hours after HD & IV fluids was 172 mmol/L . He later developed hypotension requiring vasopressors. Due to family wishes;patient was transitioned to comfort care with the last noted sodium of 168mmol/L. The brain adapts to hypernatremia. There were several factors in this patient that would have prevented adequate adaptation, namely hypoxia, malnutrition and hypotension. Hence a decision was made to rapidly lower serum sodium. There are many reports where chronic hypernatremia has been rapidly corrected by dialysis without development of cerebral edema. In our case, there was a dilemma whether to treat this as acute or chronic hypernatremia. The guideline for correction of chronic hyponatremia is based on pediatric patients. Many however, do not agree with this recommendation as there are reports where the sodium has been rapidly lowered without complications. Further studies are needed in adults to ascertain the correct correction rate. (Table Presented) (Figure Presented)

Experiences in virtuality designed in the conjunctural framework of the pandemic. Clinica de Psiquiatria Udelar

The covid-19 pandemic constituted an exceptional situation for higher education, being able to compare it to an educational experiment never seen before, with decentralized teachers and students, and the urgent need to transform courses that have always been taught in classic modalities to virtuality. This article presents the first experience of a virtual course of the Universidad de la Republica Chair of Psychiatry for undergraduate students of the Doctor of Medicine career, prepared during the conjunctural framework of the pandemic, and a proposal to redesign it in a new scenario. A blended redesign is proposed that categorizes learning from cognitive processes of a lower level of complexity (in virtuality) to higher order processes (in presence). The theoretical bases rest on the ADDIE, Bloom's taxonomy, the flipped classroom model, and the SAMR model. Our goal is to improve the academic quality of the courses offered by providing valuable and lasting learning experiences.